The President of the United States is Joe Biden. He has been in office since January 20, 2021 [Wikipedia][Wikipedia Joe Biden]. A former vice president under President Barack Obama, he has a long career in politics and has taken a series of steps since taking office, including the return of the United States to the Paris Climate Agreement [UN News].

The United States was founded on July 4, 1776 with the signing of the Declaration of Independence. This event marked the separation of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.

The population of the United States was about 331 million in 2021. It is the third most populous country in the world, behind China and India. Population growth is mainly due to immigration and, to a lesser extent, a positive birth rate.

To obtain a visa for the United States, you usually have to follow several steps. First of all, you need to determine the type of visa you need, which will depend on the purpose of your trip (tourism, work, studies, etc.). Next, you will need to complete an online visa application (DS-160 for most nonimmigrant visas) and pay the application fee. After that, you will need to make an appointment for a visa interview at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. During this interview, a consular officer will assess your application and decide whether or not to grant the visa. Note that specific requirements and steps in the process may vary depending on the country and visa type.

The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. (District of Columbia). It was founded on July 16, 1790 and was named in honor of the first president of the United States, George Washington. The city is home to several national monuments and museums, as well as the United States Capitol, the White House and the Supreme Court.

States of the United States: The United States is a federal republic composed of 50 federated states [Wikipedia List of states]. Some of the states are Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, North Carolina, South Carolina, etc. [Wikipedia Detailed list of states]. However, each state has its own government and shares sovereignty with the federal government.

The currency of the United States: The official currency of the United States is the US dollar [Wikipedia US Dollar][INFO US DOLLAR]. The US dollar is also used officially in other countries such as Ecuador, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Zimbabwe, Palau, Panama (banknotes only), El Salvador, East Timor, etc.

The size of the United States: The United States is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of area. Precise area data may vary, but the country covers about 9.8 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world [Wikipedia Area of the United States].

The U.S. Education System: The U.S. education system is decentralized and regulated by individual states and local school districts. It usually includes 12 years of primary and secondary education before higher education (universities or colleges). Education is compulsory until the age of 16 to 18, depending on the state. Levels of education in the United States include elementary school, middle school, high school, and higher education. Public, private and home schools are the different types of educational institutions.

The history of civil rights in the United States: The history of civil rights in the United States is complex and long. It begins with the abolition of slavery after the American Civil War in the 19th century, followed by the Reconstruction period. However, racial segregation laws, known as Jim Crow laws, denied civil rights to African Americans in the American South until they were abolished in the mid-20th century. The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, led by leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., fought for equal rights for African Americans. This resulted in the adoption of civil rights and voting rights laws, prohibiting racial discrimination. However, the fight for equal rights, including the rights of LGBTQ+, persons with disabilities, women and other marginalized groups, continues to this day.

The two main political parties in the United States are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party [List of political parties in the United States]. The Democratic Party is traditionally associated with more liberal or progressive policies, while the Republican Party is generally associated with more conservative policies. After the November 2020 elections, the Democratic Party held 219 seats in the House of Representatives and 48 in the Senate, while the Republican Party held 211 seats in the House of Representatives and 50 in the Senate. There are also independent representatives, who are not affiliated with any major political party.

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States is an indicator of the size and performance of its economy. In 2022, the GDP of the United States was US$25.46 trillion [GDP in the United States]. This puts the U.S. at the top of the global GDP list, followed closely by China. The annual growth rate of U.S. GDP increased by 2.1% between 2021 and 2022 [Annual rate of change in U.S. real gross domestic product (GDP) from 1990 to 2022].

Life expectancy is a statistical measure that indicates how many years a person can expect to live, on average. Life expectancy in the United States has seen a significant decline in recent years, mainly due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The life expectancy of Americans increased from 78.8 years in 2019 to 77 years in 2020 [Article in the French newspaper "LE MONDE"], and continued to decline to reach 76 years in 2021 [Article on the website "Courrier Internationnal"].

The U.S. healthcare system is primarily private, with health care delivery funded and administered by private entities. There are also public health care programs, such as Medicare (for seniors), Medicaid (for low-income people), and the Children's Health Insurance Program (for children in low-income families). Health care reform, known as "Obamacare" or the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, was put in place in 2010 to expand coverage to more Americans and reduce health care costs. However, the U.S. healthcare system remains a subject of political debate.

The current unemployment rate in the United States is 3.6% according to the latest available data. This is slightly below the International Monetary Fund's forecast of around 3.8% in 2023[United States: unemployment rate from 2013 to 2023]. Interestingly, the unemployment rate varies significantly among different demographic groups. For example, the unemployment rate for African Americans is currently 6%, which is almost twice as high as the national average. In summary, although the overall unemployment rate in the United States is relatively low, there are significant disparities between different demographic groups.

According to the latest data, the crime rate in the United States has increased significantly, with a particular increase recorded during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to the FBI, crime increased by 30% in 2020, with more than 21,500 homicides, or nearly 59 per day. The number of homicides continued to rise in 2021, but at a slower pace of 5%. The states with the highest number of murders in 2020 were California and Texas[Total number of murders committed in the United States in 2020, by state]. This high crime rate has become a major concern for the American population and a challenge for the Biden administration[Article on the "RFI" website].

As of September 2021, U.S. immigration policy was characterized by strict regulations aimed at controlling illegal immigration, while providing legal pathways for immigration through various visa programs. The policy has been subject to significant changes over the course of different administrations, with approaches varying between more restrictive measures and others more welcoming to immigrants.

However, as of 2021, the United States was playing a leading role in international affairs due to its status as a global superpower. This included participation in international organizations, trade agreements, development assistance, peacekeeping operations and the fight against global terrorism. Moreover, the United States has often played an active role in promoting human rights and democracy around the world.

In 2021, some of the top environmental challenges in the United States included climate change, air and water pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, waste management, and the transition to renewable energy.

In general, popular culture in the United States is characterized by its diversity and global influence. It includes various elements such as music, movies, television, sports, fashion, and social media, among others. Popular culture in the United States is often at the forefront of global trends, thanks to the presence of important cultural centers like Hollywood for film, New York for fashion and music, and Silicon Valley for technology.